Yellowstone National Park: Wildlife Encounters and Scenic Beauty
Yellowstone National Park, the first national park in America and the world, is a natural wonderland that offers an incredible range of features and experiences. Covering a vast area of approximately 3,472 square miles, this UNESCO World Heritage site is situated atop the largest dormant volcano known as Caldera. While Native American tribes once inhabited the region, it gained popularity in 1871 and has since become a must-visit destination for nature enthusiasts.
Yellowstone National Park is a vast expanse of 2,221,766 acres, equivalent to the size of Connecticut, primarily located in Wyoming but also stretching into Montana and Idaho. The park is characterized by high volcanic plateaus, shaped by glaciers and streams, and bordered by mountains to the north, east, and south. The Continental Divide runs through the park. With an average elevation of 8,000 feet, ranging from 5,282 feet to 11,358 feet at Eagle Peak, Yellowstone showcases diverse and stunning landscapes.
“There can be nothing in the world more beautiful than the Yosemite, the groves of the giant sequoias and redwoods, the Canyon of the Colorado, the Canyon of the Yellowstone, the Three Tetons; and our people should see to it that they are preserved for their children and their children’s children forever, with their majestic beauty all unmarred.” Theodore Roosevelt
Within the park, there are four types of thermal features:
Geyser: Geysers are hot springs that exhibit the unique behavior of forcefully ejecting water into the air. Rain and snowmelt percolate through porous rocks until they encounter hot rocks heated by underlying magma. The hot water rises through cracks and fissures, creating a plumbing system. As pressure builds, the water erupts, relieving pressure on the super-heated water below and causing it to flash into steam. This explosive release propels water skyward.
Hot Spring: Hot springs release heat through boiling or surface evaporation but lack the intense steam explosions of geysers. Some hot springs form calm pools, while others flow. In areas where carbon dioxide becomes charged, such as Mammoth Hot Springs, the underground water dissolves limestone and carries it to the surface. Upon reaching the surface, the escape of carbon dioxide causes the precipitation of dissolved limestone, forming beautiful travertine terraces. In volcanic rock areas, geological events like small earthquakes can transform hot springs into geysers.
Fumarole (Steam Vent): Fumaroles are vents in the Earth’s crust that release steam. They have less water supply compared to hot springs and geysers. Groundwater comes into contact with hot rocks underground, converting into steam. The steam then rushes through cracks and fissures, emitting a hissing or roaring sound.
Mudpot: Mudpots are features where steam rises through groundwater that has dissolved surrounding rocks, resulting in a mixture of clay and minerals. The varying mineral content leads to a wide range of colors in the mud. Often, the water in mudpots is acidic, aiding in the breakdown and dissolution of rocks.
These thermal features are a fascinating and unique aspect of Yellowstone National Park, showcasing the dynamic geological processes at work beneath the surface.
Yellowstone National Park Wildlife
Yellowstone National Park is renowned for being home to the largest concentration of wildlife in the lower 48 states. Visitors flock to the park in hopes of catching a glimpse of various fascinating animals, including bears, wolves, moose, elk, bison, badgers, otters, foxes, and adorable newborn critters. The National Park Service provides statistics on the diverse wildlife found in Yellowstone:
Mammals: Yellowstone boasts a staggering 61 different mammal species. Among them, over 500 grizzly bears coexist with black bears in the greater Yellowstone ecosystem. Gray wolves, reintroduced in 1995, now number more than 370 in the same ecosystem. Wolverines and lynx, two of the rarest mammals to spot, also inhabit the park.
Ungulates: Seven native species of ungulates thrive in Yellowstone, including elk, mule deer, bison, moose, bighorn sheep, pronghorn, and white-tailed deer. The park is home to one of the largest elk herds in the United States. Non-native mountain goats have colonized the northwestern and northeastern portions of the park.
Bears: Grizzly bears are often at the top of visitors’ must-see list, albeit from a safe distance. To increase your chances of spotting grizzlies, head to Hayden and Lamar Valley during the early morning or late evening. Grizzly bears are identified by their large hump above the shoulders and a lower rump compared to their shoulders. They are larger than black bears and have a slightly upturned nose.
Wolves: Yellowstone is home to 13 wolf packs. The best areas for wolf viewing are Lamar and Hayden Valley during the early morning and late evening hours. Keep an eye out for ravens scavenging on carcasses, as they can indicate the presence of wolves. Wolves are highly intelligent animals and should be treated with utmost respect. While no wolf has attacked a human in Yellowstone, it’s important to maintain a safe distance of at least 100 yards. Wolves can be distinguished from coyotes by their larger size, longer legs, longer gallop, rounder face, and less sharp ears and nose.
Moose: Yellowstone is home to over 400 moose, although their numbers have declined in recent decades due to various factors. Look for moose in marshy areas such as lake shores and along rivers. During the rutting season, bull moose can be particularly dangerous, so it’s advisable to maintain a safe distance regardless of the 25-yard rule. Unlike elk, moose are solitary animals and can live up to 20 years in Yellowstone. Their preferred food includes willows and aquatic vegetation.
Elk: With a population exceeding 15,000, elk are the most numerous large mammals in Yellowstone. The fall season brings the spectacle of bull elk in rut, attracting wildlife watchers and photographers. The mating season generally occurs from early September to mid-October, with elk gathering in mixed herds of females, calves, and a few bulls. Bulls bugle to announce their availability and fitness, and they engage in battles for dominance. Elk calves are born in May and June, making for some adorable sightings.
Bison: Yellowstone is the only place in the lower 48 states where bison have continuously roamed since prehistoric times. The park is home to over 4,000 bison, and their population continues to grow. Bison mating season occurs in July and August, during which mature bulls engage in head-butting displays. Bison can exceed 2,000 pounds in weight and are responsible for causing summer traffic jams in the park. Approach them with caution, as bison can move quickly and are involved in more human injuries than any other wildlife in Yellowstone. Bison calves are born in late April and May.
Other Wildlife: While not as frequently encountered, Yellowstone is also home to other intriguing animals. Badgers, although listed as common by the park service, are rarely seen by visitors. They inhabit the sagebrush areas like Lamar Valley and can be identified by the dirt geysers that erupt from the ground when they dig. Otters, social and playful creatures, can be found along the shorelines of lakes and rivers in Yellowstone. Foxes, the smallest members of the dog family in the park, are elusive but can be observed during early morning and late evening hours as they hunt rodents. However, visitors should not feed foxes or any other wildlife to prevent habituation and potential harm.
When exploring Yellowstone, it’s essential to remember that wild animals, especially females with young, are unpredictable. Keep a safe distance from all wildlife and avoid approaching them on foot within 100 yards (91 m) of bears or within 25 yards (23 m) of other animals. Use roadside pullouts and binoculars or telephoto lenses for safe viewing. Also, be aware of bear safety guidelines to minimize the risk of encounters and know how to respond appropriately if you encounter a bear. By respecting wildlife and their habitats, visitors can enjoy observing natural behaviors and contribute to the preservation of these remarkable animals.
Yellowstone National Park Waterfalls
Yellowstone National Park boasts an impressive collection of waterfalls, each with its own unique beauty and story. From easily accessible cascades to hidden gems in the backcountry, here is a summary of some of the remarkable waterfalls in Yellowstone:
Kepler Cascades: Located on the Firehole River, these cascades offer a stunning display of multiple falls, standing 100-150 feet tall. They are easily viewed from a convenient parking area and overlook alongside the highway.
Firehole Falls: Nestled in the breathtaking Firehole Canyon, these falls feature a mesmerizing forty-foot drop. You can witness their beauty from a turnout and parking area on the Firehole Canyon Drive.
Gibbon Falls: Discover the captivating 84-foot Gibbon Falls on the Gibbon River. A viewpoint and small parking area allow visitors to appreciate the natural splendor between Madison and Norris Junctions.
Virginia Cascade: Tucked away between Norris and Canyon, Virginia Cascade is a hidden gem on the Gibbon River. Named in 1886, it once enchanted early visitors who marveled at the falls from its base.
Lower Falls of the Yellowstone River: A true icon of the park, the Lower Falls is an awe-inspiring cataract, standing at a towering 308 feet. Its grandeur and natural beauty have garnered much attention, with accessible viewpoints providing perfect photo opportunities.
Upper Falls of the Yellowstone River: Just upstream from the Lower Falls, the Upper Falls offers its own majesty, with a height of 109 feet. Accessible viewpoints on both sides of the canyon allow visitors to marvel at its beauty.
Crystal Falls: Hidden in the Canyon area, Crystal Falls is a hidden gem often overlooked by visitors. This three-step waterfall on Cascade Creek reaches a height of 129 feet, offering a serene escape along the North Rim Trail.
Lewis Falls: Located downstream from Lewis Lake, Lewis Falls cascades gracefully for thirty feet. Its picturesque setting and proximity to a highway bridge make it a favorite among photographers.
Moose Falls: Situated on Crawfish Creek, Moose Falls cascades down thirty feet. A convenient pullout near the park’s south entrance provides easy access to view this charming waterfall.
These are just a glimpse of the many waterfalls that grace Yellowstone National Park. Whether easily accessible or nestled in the backcountry, each waterfall invites visitors to immerse themselves in the natural wonders of this magnificent landscape.
Yellowstone National Park Trails
Yellowstone National Park offers visitors a vast wilderness to explore, with over 1,100 miles of hiking trails. However, it is important to be aware of the inherent dangers that come with venturing into the backcountry. The park’s wilderness is home to unpredictable wildlife, ever-changing weather conditions, remote thermal areas, cold water lakes, turbulent streams, and rugged mountains with unstable rocks. Safety should be a top priority, and visitors should be prepared for any situation. Familiarize yourself with the backcountry guidelines and regulations before embarking on your journey.
For day hiking, there are numerous trails to choose from. It is advisable to stop at a ranger station or visitor center to gather information and trail conditions. Keep in mind that trails may close temporarily due to factors like bear activity, storms, high water, or fires. Always carry essential items such as water, a raincoat or poncho, a warm hat, insect repellent, sunscreen, and a first aid kit. It is recommended to hike with a companion, and no permit is required for day hiking.
If you can do only one hike while at the park, the Mount Washburnl is a must-do hike in Yellowstone National Park, offering stunning scenery, abundant wildflowers, and wildlife sightings. It is regarded as one of the best hikes in the park, particularly for experiencing evening or sunset views, although the return trip may be in the dark.
There are two trailheads that lead to the summit of Mount Washburn, which serves as the primary fire lookout among the three lookout points in the park (the others being on Mount Holmes and Mount Sheridan). These trails approach from opposite directions, providing unique perspectives along the way. Originally, both trails were used as stagecoach and wagon roads, with the Chittenden Road later being paved for motor vehicles. Currently, they are wide trails, with the Chittenden Trail also allowing bicycle access.
Dunraven Pass approach to Mount Washburn follows the mountain’s southern exposure, resulting in earlier snow melt compared to the other side. However, snow patches can still be found on the trail throughout most of the summer. Typically, the trail becomes accessible by the end of June, with the need to traverse snow patches.
This trail offers breathtaking panoramic views of the park, including the Grand Canyon, sections of Yellowstone Lake, the Tetons, and even possible sightings of an eruption from Old Faithful. In July and August, the trail showcases an exceptional display of mountain wildflowers, potentially offering the best wildflower viewing opportunities in the park. Along the trail and in the meadows, hikers can admire a variety of colorful flowers such as pink monkey flowers, yellow violets, blue lupines, yellow balsamroots, red paintbrush, and violet shooting stars.
Embarking on the Chittenden Road Trail promises a memorable and rewarding hiking experience, with its captivating vistas, vibrant wildflowers, and the chance to spot fascinating wildlife along the way.
One of the standout attractions in Yellowstone is the Norris Geyser Basin, renowned for its vibrant colors and fascinating geothermal activity. As you explore the basin, you’ll encounter hot springs and steaming pools, with their surfaces displaying mesmerizing shades of turquoise, orange, green, and pale white. The basin’s porcelain-like textured surfaces are formed as minerals in the water solidify. Wooden paths guide visitors from one hot spring to another, leading to captivating sights such as the massive Steamboat Geyser, which can release a plume of steam up to 10 meters high. Don’t miss the opportunity to fish in the nearby Gibbon River or witness its beautiful falls.
The Norris Geyser Basin is open 24/7, but it is closed during late fall and throughout the winter (subject to change). The area can be quite humid, and the temperature can be hot, so visiting in the fall or spring is recommended. The entrance fee for Yellowstone is typically $25 for a seven-day pass (subject to change), allowing you ample time to explore. Camping near Norris Geyser is available for $20 per night (subject to change), with convenient access to bathrooms. However, be aware that the nearby free parking lot (subject to change) can be tight and crowded, particularly between 10 am and 6 pm.
A scenic 26-mile drive will take you to Yellowstone Lake, the largest high-elevation lake in North America. With its expansive surface area of 132 square miles and picturesque mountain backdrop, the lake offers not only breathtaking views but also a variety of hiking opportunities. Fishing enthusiasts will be thrilled to know that Yellowstone Lake is home to wild cutthroat trout. However, due to its extremely cold temperatures, swimming is not recommended. Keep an eye out for grizzly bears, as they are known to frequent the lake in search of fish.
Continuing approximately 40 miles from Yellowstone Lake, you’ll arrive at Mammoth Hot Springs. Here, you’ll find rushing water rapids and hot springs surrounded by unique limestone terraces. Two boardwalks provide access to different sections of the area. The lower boardwalk leads to Liberty Cap, a hot spring cone resembling the peaked hats worn during the French Revolution. You can also explore the sharp travertine formations of Minerva Spring. The upper boardwalk offers stunning views of Prospect Terrace, the golden-hued Orange Spring Mound, and the snow-white Angel Terrace.
Mammoth Hot Springs is an ideal location for hiking, with opportunities to explore the hot springs and venture along the Old Gardener Road, a historic dirt road once traversed by soldiers. During the summer, you can even take a refreshing dip in Gardner Lake, which is warmed by the nearby hot springs. In winter, the frozen lake provides excellent skiing opportunities. Keep your camera ready to capture sightings of elk, deer, and bison, as the area is frequented by these majestic creatures. Accommodation options near Mammoth Hot Springs include hotels, cabins, and camping grounds, ensuring a comfortable stay for visitors.
With its vast size and diverse offerings, it’s nearly impossible to explore all of Yellowstone National Park in just one visit. Whether you have a day or a longer holiday planned, the park presents an abundance of beautiful locations to discover. Whether you’re interested in marveling at the Norris Geyser Basin, embarking on a boat ride across Yellowstone Lake, or enjoying a leisurely stroll, swim, or ski at Mammoth Hot Springs, one thing is for certain: Yellowstone Park is a truly marvelous destination that never fails to awe visitors.
If planning an overnight stay in the backcountry, Yellowstone has a designated campsite system. A Backcountry Use Permit is required for all overnight stays, and each campsite has a maximum capacity for people and stock. Campfires are only allowed in established fire pits, and some campsites prohibit wood fires. Food storage poles are available at most sites to secure food and attractants from bears. Hunting and firearms are not permitted in the park’s backcountry.
Permits can be obtained in person, up to 48 hours in advance, from ranger stations and visitor centers. It is recommended to obtain permits from the nearest location to your trip’s starting point for the most accurate trail condition information. Reservations for backcountry campsites can be made in advance by mail or in person, and they are processed on a first-come, first-served basis. A confirmation notice is provided, which must be converted to the actual permit no more than 48 hours before the first camping date. A non-refundable reservation fee of $15 applies (camping information subject to change).
During the summer season, permits are available at specific locations from 8 am to 4:30 pm (subject to change). For the spring, fall, and winter seasons, check the posted office hours at ranger stations or visitor centers. Certain commercial businesses are authorized to offer guided overnight trips into the backcountry and handle the necessary permits.
Safety in bear country is of utmost importance. Hiking and camping restrictions may be enforced due to bear activity. It is essential to avoid camping in areas with visible signs of bear presence and to secure food and scented items to prevent attracting bears. Sleeping and cooking areas should be at least 100 yards apart, and sleeping gear should be kept clean and free of food odors. It is important to report any bear conflicts to park rangers promptly.
Proper waste management is crucial. All refuse must be carried out of the backcountry, and human waste should be buried at least 6 to 8 inches below the ground and at least 100 feet from water sources. Waste water should also be disposed of at least 100 feet from water sources or campsites, and avoid polluting lakes, ponds, rivers, or streams.
Respect for the park’s natural resources is essential. Removal, defacement, or destruction of plants, animals, or minerals is strictly prohibited. Historical and archaeological items should be left undisturbed.
By following these guidelines and regulations, visitors can enjoy a safe and responsible experience while exploring the captivating wilderness of Yellowstone National Park.
What’s Nearby Yellowstone National Park
Yellowstone National Park is surrounded by several remarkable destinations that offer captivating natural beauty and diverse outdoor experiences. One such neighboring gem is Grand Teton National Park, located just south of Yellowstone. Grand Teton National Park is renowned for its majestic mountain range, including the iconic Grand Teton peak, pristine alpine lakes like Jenny Lake, and abundant wildlife such as elk, moose, and bears. Visitors can indulge in activities like hiking scenic trails, kayaking or boating on the lakes, and enjoying breathtaking views of the rugged peaks.
Bighorn National Forest, located to the east of Yellowstone, offers a picturesque landscape of towering mountains, lush forests, and pristine rivers. It provides ample opportunities for hiking, camping, fishing, and wildlife viewing, making it a paradise for outdoor enthusiasts.
Another noteworthy destination nearby is Buffalo Bill State Park, situated to the west of Yellowstone. This park showcases the beauty of the Shoshone River and features diverse recreational activities such as boating, fishing, picnicking, and camping. Visitors can explore the park’s scenic trails, enjoy water sports on the reservoir, and immerse themselves in the rich history and culture of the region.
Yellowstone National Park Parking Information
In Yellowstone National Park, there are designated parking areas available at various attractions and facilities throughout the park. These parking areas are clearly marked and visitors are encouraged to park only in designated spaces to ensure the efficient flow of traffic and to preserve the natural environment. When parking, please be mindful of other vehicles and ensure that you are not blocking any access roads or impeding the movement of other visitors. Additionally, it is important to never park in areas that are designated for emergency vehicles or in restricted areas. As parking availability can vary depending on the season and popularity of the destination, it is advisable to arrive early or consider alternative transportation options such as shuttle services to ensure a convenient parking experience.
Yellowstone National Park is a vast wilderness covering nearly 3,500 square miles primarily in Wyoming, with small portions in Montana and Idaho. The park features five entrance stations, some of which are closed during winter months. It’s important to plan your trip and check road conditions at your chosen entrance. Distances between popular destinations like Old Faithful and the Grand Canyon of the Yellowstone can be significant, requiring a vehicle for convenient exploration. Public transportation is not available within the park, but shuttle services and tours are offered by various companies. The speed limit in Yellowstone is typically 45 mph, unless otherwise indicated. Due to wildlife sightings, expect slower driving times and be considerate of other visitors by pulling over in designated areas to watch wildlife and allowing traffic to flow smoothly.
Within Yellowstone National Park, visitors can find a range of facilities and services to enhance their experience. Hamilton Stores Inc. operates several general stores, gift shops, and photo shops, such as the Bridge Bay Marina Store, Canyon General Store, and Old Faithful Photo Shop. AmFac Parks & Resorts operates gift shops at various hotels and lodges in the park. Post Offices are available at Mammoth Hot Springs, Old Faithful, Grant Village, and Lake Village. Dining options cater to different preferences, from fine dining at locations like the Old Faithful Inn Dining Room to light meals and fast foods at places like the Mammoth Hot Springs General Store and Terrace Grill. Gas and service stations are conveniently located throughout the park, including Old Faithful, Canyon Village, Grant Village, and Fishing Bridge. It’s important to note the rules regarding pets in Yellowstone, where they are prohibited in the backcountry and on trails but allowed in front country areas under control. Medical services are available at clinics in Mammoth, Lake, and Old Faithful, with emergency services provided by on-duty rangers. (all in park services subject to change)
